Vegetarians have a lower fasting insulin level and higher insulin sensitivity than matched omnivores: A cross-sectional study

Background and aims

Potential associations of vegetarian diet patterns with fasting insulin (FI) and insulin sensitivity remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether vegetarian diets were associated with FI and insulin sensitivity in a cross-sectional study in Chinese vegetarians and matched omnivores and then to test whether it is independent of body mass index (BMI).

针对射程不确定性的质子调强放疗鲁棒优化方法

目的 因治疗精度高、副作用小,质子调强放疗(IMPT)成为放疗领域的研究热点,但其精度对射程变化非常敏感。本研究提出一种针对射程不确定性的IMPT鲁棒优化方法用于减小射程偏差对放疗计划的影响。方法 首先建立鲁棒优化模型,目标函数采用二次型函数表达式,其中包含3种射程:射程增加、射程正常、射程缩短;每种射程对应的器官剂量贡献矩阵采用质子笔形束算法计算得到。对射程偏差进行离散化,每个射程的发生概率基于高斯分布函数得到。最后采用共轭梯度法优化出最优解,最优解使得靶区和危及器官实际剂量分布在射程偏差内尽量达到期望剂量。结果 采用AAPM TG-119号报告的3套模拟例题测试本研究方法的有效性:鼻咽癌病例、前列腺病例和“C”型病例。与常规IMPT优化结果对比,发现该方法对射程不确定性的敏感性更低。射程发生偏差时,鼻咽癌病例和前列腺病例的靶区和危及器官基本达到期望剂量,“C”型病例的靶区高剂量覆盖率和危及器官保护都有了提高。结论 针对射程不确定性,该方法可得到更高的靶区覆盖率,同时降低危及器官剂量。     

自然杀伤细胞治疗肝癌的前瞻性研究

目的:评价自然杀伤细胞（natural killer cell，NK cell）治疗肝癌的短期临床有效性、安全性以及对肝癌患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法:研究对象为暨南大学附属复大肿瘤医院2016年2月至2017年9月收治的17例肝癌患者，采集患者本身或其亲属的外周血，体外培养诱导产生高活性NK（HANK）细胞，在第14、15和16天进行静脉输注，连续3次输注为1个疗程，每个患者接受至少1个疗程的治疗。分别于每疗程治疗前及疗程治疗结束后3周取患者外周血检测淋巴细胞亚群，比较治疗前后淋巴细胞亚群的变化及其与短期临床疗效的关系。结果:经HANK细胞治疗后，17例肝癌患者PR 2例，SD 8例，PD 4例，失联3例；缓解率为14.3%，疾病控制率为71.4%；HANK细胞治疗前后淋巴细胞亚群无明显变化。治疗过程中17例患者并未发生不良反应。结论:异体NK细胞免疫治疗可缓解病情且安全无副作用，在肝癌治疗中有潜在的应用价值。     

袢利尿剂对终末期肾病无尿患者容量控制的疗效观察

目的为探讨袢利尿剂对终末期肾病(ESRD)维持性血液透析(MHD)无尿患者减轻容量负荷的效果。方法2016年9月至2018年8月福建省龙岩人民医院92例尿量在50~100 mL的MHD患者分成三组,对照组A(25例,不用利尿剂),实验组B(34例,使用呋塞米片60 mg/d),实验组C(33例,使用呋塞米片120 mg/d)。研究开始前三组患者基本情况:原发病、年龄、平均尿量、血压、心胸比、血浆脑型钠利尿肽(BNP)、血尿酸值等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),平均透析间期和透析时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗肾性贫血及骨病、高血压、控制饮食及水钠摄入等措施三组相同,观察治疗期为3个月,终点事件为死亡及尿量持续>500 mL/d×14 d,比较三组平均尿量、平均透析超滤量、血压控制情况、心胸比、BNP、血清尿酸等指标。结果无尿患者顽固性高血压患病率54.4%高于有尿患者27.5%(P<0.001)。120 mg/d呋塞米对无尿患者4周内的降压、12周内的利尿效果明显(P<0.05),但4周后降压、12周后利尿效果较差(P>0.05);60 mg/d呋塞米对无尿患者仅1周内的降压、8周内的利尿效果明显(P<0.05),其余时间效果较差(P>0.05)。使用呋塞米对无尿患者减低BNP有统计学意义(P<0.05),此结果独立于尿量的增加。120 mg/d呋塞米能降低心胸比例(P<0.05),但60 mg/d呋塞米则无效(P>0.05)。B组治疗后尿酸改变不明显(K=0.080,P>0.05),而C组治疗后血清尿酸有升高(K=2.739,P<0.05)。结论使用呋塞米对ESRD无尿患者能明显减轻容量负荷并因此减少心胸比、BNP等心衰指标数值,并随着剂量的增加能延长作用时间及效果。     

医学机能实验学教学改革与思考

广州医科大学通过以综合性实验为主体，以学生自主设计性实验、大学生课余创新性实验为支撑，以虚拟仿真实验与实体操作实验相结合的混合式教学模式为重要教学手段，同时结合基于智能模拟人系统开设的“模拟机能实验学”选修课和青少年医学科普教育活动，对机能实验学进行了改革。问卷调查显示，改革对培养学生的综合运用能力、科研素养以及临床和创新思维能力，起到了较明显的效果。     

儿童新型冠状病毒感染诊断、治疗和预防专家共识(第二版)

自2019年12月新型冠状病毒感染暴发以来,我国政府采取了严格的防控措施,国内疫情已得到初步控制,但形势依然严峻,境外多个国家也相继出现疫情。根据世界卫生组织的报告:截至2020年3月5日,全球共报告95333例确诊病例(其中我国累计报告确诊病例80565例),85个国家有确诊病例报告,中国将面临输入性病例的传播风险,这为防治我国儿童的疾病疫情提出了新的挑战[1]。在这次疫情中,与成人病例相比,儿童病例相对较少、症状轻、预后较好。目前国内病例数据显示,18岁以下儿童占所有报告病例的2.4%,尚无死亡病例报告[2]。     

The efficacy of 5-element therapy for senile diabetes with depression: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Senile diabetes with depression is a common and frequently-occurring disease, and it is also a difficult and hot point in domestic and international research. However, the efficiency of combination hypoglycemic agents and antidepressants in the treatment of senile diabetes with depression is poor, and new intervention methods are urgently needed. Research shows the 5-element therapy, as a Chinese traditional non-drug intervention, has definite curative effect on the prevention and treatment of various physical and mental diseases. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of 5-element therapy on senile diabetes with depression.Methods:The electronic databases including Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Sino Med,China Biomedical Literature Database will be searched. The time limit for retrieving studies is from establishment to October 2020 for each database. Randomized controlled clinical trials related to 5-element therapy intervention on senile diabetes with depression will be included. Stata V.13.0 and Review manager 5.3 software will be implemented for data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and the assessment of bias risk. We will use the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation system to assess the quality of evidence.Results:This study will provide a quantitative and standardized evaluation for the efficacy of 5-element therapy on senile diabetes with depression.Conclusion:This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide the high-quality evidence to assess whether the 5-element therapy has a positive treatment effect for senile diabetes with depression.Registration number:INPLASY2020100081.     

甲基丙二酸血症86例患儿的神经发育特征

目的分析甲基丙二酸血症患儿神经发育特征及可能影响因素。方法设计临床调查表,对2016年2月至2018年2月于河南中医药大学第一附属医院儿科就诊的86例甲基丙二酸血症患儿进行调查,采用Gesell发育量表进行神经发育评估。结果86例患儿中男45例,女41例;年龄2.4~62.5个月,中位数8.3个月。新生儿期筛查确诊的患儿33例,发病后临床诊断的患儿53例,患儿各能区多为轻到重度发育缺陷。其中,0~6月龄患儿28例,精细运动、大运动、适应性缺陷显著;>6~12月龄患儿24例,语言、适应性、个人-社交缺陷显著;>12~36月龄患儿23例,语言、适应性、大运动缺陷显著;>36~72月龄患儿11例,语言、个人-社交、适应性缺陷显著;新生儿筛查发现的患儿在精细运动、大运动、适应性、个人-社交和语言方面发育商均不同程度高于发病后临床诊断的患儿,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论虽经积极规范治疗,大多数发病后诊断的甲基丙二酸血症患儿仍存在神经发育障碍,各能区存在轻到重度发育缺陷。不同年龄段患儿神经发育能区损害稍有不同,6月龄以下的患儿精细运动、大运动、适应性发育缺陷显著,6月龄以上患儿语言、适应性、个人-社交缺陷显著。经新生儿筛查发现的患儿神经损害较轻。     

Clinical analysis of peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Objective To observe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) caused by lupus nephritis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, or primary glomerulonephritis who were treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and then withdrew PD because of renal recovery. Methods Data of the above patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were diagnosed as RPGN and received PD therapy in Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University from February 2009 to August 2018. The patients were divided into early withdrawal group (PD time≤183 days, n=24) and late withdrawal group (PD time＞183 day, n=24). The differences of clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared. The cumulative incidence of adverse events in both groups was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients. Results Forty-eight RPGN patients were included. The median time of maintaining PD was 178(76, 378) days. Compared with the late withdrawal group, the patients in early withdrawal group had lower levels of urine volume, serum albumin and parathyroid hormone, and lower rates of gross hematuria and hypertension at the beginning of PD, and received higher rates of methylprednisolone impulse, combined immunosuppressive agents, and hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy (all P＜0.05). At the time of PD withdrawal, the levels of serum creatinine, serum calcium, serum albumin and parathyroid hormone in the early withdrawal group were significantly lower than those in the late withdrawal group (all P＜0.05). The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that there was no significant difference in the cumulative survival of patients in both groups (log-rank test χ2=3.485, P=0.062). Cox regression analysis revealed serum creatinine≥209 μmol/L at the time of PD withdrawal was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (HR=5.253，95%CI 1.757-15.702, P=0.003). Conclusions PD can be used for RPGN patients caused by lupus nephritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis and primary nephritis. Serum creatinine≥209 μmol/L at the time of PD withdrawal is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis.     

益气通脉饮联合西药治疗气虚血瘀型冠心病心绞痛90例临床疗效观察

目的:探讨益气通脉饮治疗气虚血瘀型冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法:选取2017年10月—2019年2月烟台业达医院收治的气虚血瘀型冠心病心绞痛的患者90例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将所选患者均分为两组,每组各45例,两组的一般资料经统计学方法,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),因此具有可比性。对照组给予常规西药进行治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上给予益气通脉饮治疗,1个月后比较两组临床的疗效,评估治疗前后中医证候、心绞痛症状分级和血脂水平。临床检测的数据通过统计产品与服务解决方案(Statistical Product and Service Solutions,SPSS) 19.0软件进行分析和处理,计量的数据使用平均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用双侧t检验,计数的数据采用χ~2检验,以%表示,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:治疗后,对照组和观察组都有一定疗效,但观察组的改善中医证候总有效率95.56%(43/45),高于对照组的82.22%(37/45),两组比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05);心绞痛的症状总有效率观察组为93.33%(42/45),对照组为77.78%(35/45),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与治疗前相比较,两组治疗后的三酰甘油(Triglyceride,TG)、血清总胆固醇(Serum Total Cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High Density Liptein Cholesterol,HDL-C)水平均降低(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后低于对照组(P<0.05),两组治疗后的HDL-C升高(P<0.05),组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:益气通脉饮治疗气虚血瘀型冠心病心绞痛的疗效显著,值得临床进一步研究与推广应用。